英语语法讲解

Before all the different types of Barbie dolls for sale now,there was just a single Barbie.

①types of/kinds of+名词，固定搭配，表示“各种…”，前面可接各种形容词，如all,some,different, several,many等等。

②for sale 固定搭配，“待售（即将出售）”（注意和on sale区分，“上市，正在出售”）

③before引导时间状语从句，表示主句发生于从句之前。

The three-dimensional model for Barbie was a German doll — a joke gift for adults described as havingthe appearance of "a woman who sold sex".

①who sold sex为定语从句修饰a woman

②gift后的介词必为for

③as在此作介词，表示“作为…”，故其后接名词性动词ing形式

④ described as……一堆是动词过去分词构成的短语作定语，用来修饰前面的a joke gift，意为“这个可笑的礼物被描述为……”，改成定语从句变为：a gift which was described as…

⑤ 从属关系A of B of C of D of ……，翻译成“…的D的C的B的A”，其核心词是A

Mattel refashioned the doll into a decent, all-American —although with an exaggerated breast size — version and named it after Barbara, who was then a teenager.

①refashion A into B "把A改制成B"

②although with an exaggerated breast size这句话为插入语，主要作用是解释前面的all-American这个词范围有些夸张，起解释说明作用。插入语可插在句子的任意位置，其插入并不影响主句的结构，也就是说，插入语可以看做是打酱油的，把它拿掉，主句就清晰了——Mattel refashioned the doll into a decent, all-American version，and named it.

③name A after B “以B的名字称号来命名A”

④ who was then a teenager为定语，修饰Barbara

Since her introduction in 1959, Barbie has become the universally recognized Queen of the Dolls.

①since引导时间状语从句时，通常的时态搭配是“主句现在完成时+从句一般过去时”

②universally作副词“普遍地”修饰动词被动式recognized，一般副词放在被动动词前后都可以。

Now more than sixty years old, Barbara — who declines interviews but is said to have loved the doll -may be the most famous unknown figure on the planet.

①who declines interviews but is said to have loved the doll定语从句，修饰Barbara，该定语从句可以看做是插入语，同上，拿掉它主句就清楚了——Barbara may be the most famous unknown figure on the planet

②be said to 固定搭配，“据说是……”。形式主语：It is/was said that……

③ the most famous，形容词最高级（几乎所有副词、多音节形容词、部分特殊形容词的比较级最高级在前面加more/most，少数副词和单双音节形容词比较级最高级直接在单词后加er/est，部分特殊词的比较级最高级比较奇葩如futher,futhermore,futhermost）

④on the planet 固定搭配“在这个星球上”

⑤从整体来看，Now more than sixty years old为more than构成的短语作状语，用来说明主句的主语Barbara

The real Ken,who died in 1994, was disgusted by the doll that made his family famous. "I don't want my children to play with it," he said in 1993.

①who died in 1994 定语从句修饰Ken，可看作插入语，分析同上

②be disgusted by/with “厌恶，作呕，对……反感”

③that made his family famous 定语从句修饰doll

④want sb. to do sth. “想让某人做某事”