膝关节里有积水应该怎么办?拜托了各位 谢谢

2025-02-12 02:30:12
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

膝关节肿胀明显、酸痛甚至不能行走,B超检查示膝关节内大量关节积液。患者很是迷惑:好好的膝关节,里面怎么会有水呢?其实,这叫做膝关节滑膜炎。 一、什么是膝关节滑膜炎 它是指膝关节受到急性创伤或慢性劳损时,引起滑膜损伤或破裂, 导致膝关节腔内积血或积液的一种非感染性炎症反应疾患。可分为急 性创伤性滑膜炎和慢性损伤性滑膜炎。急性创伤性滑膜炎,多发生于 爱运动的青年人;慢性损伤性滑膜炎多发于中老年人,身体肥胖者或 过用膝关节负重的人。 二、膝关节滑膜炎的原因 急性滑膜炎多因打击、扭转、运动过度以及外科手术后1~2小时 发生肿胀、疼痛、活动困难、走路跛行,局部皮肤温度高,皮肤肿胀 紧张,关节穿刺出血性液体。本病常是膝关节其他损伤的合并症,须 与骨折、脱位、韧带及半月板损伤相鉴别。 慢性滑膜炎一般由急性创伤性滑膜炎失治转化,或由老年其他的 慢性劳损导致滑膜的炎症渗出,产生关节积液造成。多见于中老年人, 有劳累或关节疼痛的病史。患者感觉两腿沉重,关节肿胀、下蹲困难, 或上下楼梯疼痛,劳累后及遇寒后加重,休息后及遇暖时减轻。病程 日久者,股四头肌萎缩,关节不稳,活动受限,关节穿刺可抽出淡黄 色、清亮的积液。X线片示膝关节骨与关节结构无明显异常或骨赘形 成,可见关节肿胀和活动不利。 三、膝关节滑膜炎的治疗 1.推拿疗法 (1)推揉点按法:患者仰卧,膝部自上而下,顺其筋络反复推 揉1~2分钟。(2)拔伸屈膝法:患者体位同上,肌肉放松,医生先 轻轻地、小幅度地来回屈伸膝关节,最后尽力将膝关节完全屈曲,然 后伸直患肢。(3)刮筋、分筋法:患者仰卧,于髌骨外上方、内下 方运用一拇指屈曲指关节,放于痛点内侧;另一手掌按于屈拇之上, 用臂力推动拇指向外刮数下。(4)关节积液时可用捶、擂、拍法, 交替进行。捶为实拳,击为空拳,下击髌骨周围软组织及大腿伸侧, 大小腿屈伸各20~30下,擂为实拳,双拳用臂力下压与上部位相同处, 重复1~2遍。拍不用拳而是用手掌拍打腘窝,用腕力弹拍。 2.穿刺疗法 关节积液较多、张力大时,可进行关节穿刺,将积液和积血完全 抽净,并向关节腔注射透明质酸钠,它是关节滑液的主要成分。研究 表明,关节炎中的各种病理改变与它的减少和理化性质改变有密切关 系。注射透明质酸钠有以下作用:覆盖关节软骨表面,可以保护关节 软骨,防止或延缓进一步退变;保护关节滑膜、清除致痛物质,有明 显减轻疼痛的作用;改善关节的挛缩状态,增加关节的活动度;对退 变关节的滑液有改善作用。 3.药物治疗 急性期滑膜损伤,瘀血积滞,治以散瘀生新消肿为主,三七粉等 口服。慢性水湿稽留,肌筋弛弱,治以祛风燥湿、强壮肌筋,内服羌 活胜湿汤加减,外贴狗皮膏;若寒邪较盛,亦可散寒祛风除湿,方用 乌头汤。 4.固定与练功疗法 早期应卧床休息,抬高患肢,可用弹力绷带加压包扎,并禁止负 重。治疗期间可作股四头肌舒缩活动锻炼,后期应加强膝关节的屈伸 锻炼,这对消除关节积液,防止股四头肌萎缩,预防滑膜炎反复发作, 恢复膝关节伸屈功能,有着积极作用。

回答2:

膝关节积液(积水),是膝关节有损伤造成的,治疗必须标本兼治,根据临床治疗经验,通过保守的高温中药外治,敷在膝关节上,用高温烤,渗透到关节腔深层,化解膝关节的筋腱损伤造成的黏连 肿痛,大部分患者1-3个疗程可以有效的消除肿痛,积液会减少或消除。

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