鲁迅《兔和猫》的背景

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2024-12-19 22:14:50
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  五四时期,鲁迅接受了进化论的发展观,认为将来必胜于过去,青年必胜于老人,希望是在于未来。他站在受压迫的人民大众的立场上,站在被侵略被欺侮的弱小民族一边,同情弱小,反抗强敌。认为“下等人胜于上等人”,宣传“对于一切幼者的爱”.在《随感录六十四·有无相通》里提出:“改良点自己,保全些别人;想些互助的方法,收了互害的局面罢!”当时,他翻译爱罗先珂的童话,就是为了要“传播被虐待者的苦痛的呼声和激发国人对于强权者的憎恨和愤怒”。爱罗先珂童年时因病双目失明,先在印度,以带着无政府主义思想为理由被英人驱逐出境。随后到日本,又因参加“五一”游行,说是有宣传危险思想的嫌疑,为“治安起见”,又被驱逐,并加上了辱骂和殴打。鲁迅对这位双目失明的被虐待者是同情的,而对那些强权者则无比憎恨。爱罗先珂童话的一个重要内容就是宣扬对于一切的同情和爱。他的童话剧《桃色的云》的舞台安排就始终分为两个场面,一个是为太阳所照的明亮的强者的世界,一个是虽为希望所包、然而暗淡的弱者的世界。作品通过自然母之口说:“对于一切有同情,对于一切都爱,以及大家互相帮助,于这些事物最优越的,这才是第一等的强者……这才永远生存下去。”这些都和当时鲁迅的思想有相通之处。鲁迅对爱罗先珂童话中说“看见别个捉去被杀的事,在我,是比自己被杀更苦恼”的话,有强烈的共鸣,并称赞这是一种“伟大的精神”。
  《兔和猫》就是在这种思想背景下写出的作品。在这里,鲁迅热爱生命,同情、扶持弱小者,并甘愿为之报仇、抗争的思想得到了充分的表现。鲁迅由可爱的小白兔死在大黑猫的爪下,联想到那膏于鹰吻的鸽子、在奔跑的马车下轧死的小狗、在蝇虎口中死于非命的苍蝇以及一切在生物史上不着一些痕迹,人不知鬼不觉地断送生命的弱小者,这些都触动着作者的感情,引起了作者深广的忧愤。他写道:“假使造物也可以责备,那么,我以为他实在将生命造得太滥,毁得太滥了。”这正是鲁迅伟大的人道主义精神的体现。鲁迅对生命的无限博大的爱和对任意践踏生命者的深深的责备,能唤起有良知的人们广泛的共鸣。钱理群先生对小说中的这一段文字可谓镂骨铭心,他说:“每次读到这段文字,总要受到一种灵魂的冲击,以至于流泪。”
  《兔和猫》写的虽是动物,但含义深远,就象童话决不仅仅是为了表现动、植物界的虚幻式的生活一样,它们往往是现实社会生活的投影。在《兔和猫》里,鲁迅展示的仍然是强者和弱者、吃人者和被吃者的尖锐矛盾。

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