独立结构和现在分词作状语的区别

2024-11-26 01:22:12
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

一、分词独立主格结构的用法

  1. 分词短语作状语时,若分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,分词前须加上自己的逻辑主语(名词或主格代词),这个结构叫分词的独立主格结构。如:Supper
    finished (=After supper was finished), we started to discuss the picnic.
    吃完晚饭,我们开始讨论野餐的事。

All things considered(If all things are considered), your article is of
greater value than hers. 全面考虑起来,你的文章比她的文章更有价值。


2.“There being+主语”也是分词独立主格结构的一种。例如:There being no danger, the police went
back to their police office. 既然没有危险,警察们又回到警察局。

There having been no rain, the crops were dying. 因为没有下雨,庄稼就要旱死了。


3. 分词独立主格结构有时可以改成“with+名词词组+分词”结构。如:The problem settled(= With the problem
settled), they were happy and relaxed. 问题解决了,他们又高兴又轻松。


4.
有些惯用的分词短语在句子里可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句。generally/strictly/roughly/broadly/narrowly
speaking, judging from/by, considering, supposing, providing, provided等。如:

Talking of the computer, I like it very much.谈到电脑,我非常喜欢。Considering the time,
we have decided to start early tomorrow morning.考虑到时间,我们已经决定明早一早出发。


二、分词作状语的用法

分词包括现在分词和过去分词两种形式,在句中可以充当多种句子成分,其中作状语的用法最为重要和常考。分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等含义。如:

Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 听到这个好消息,他高兴得跳了起来。(表示时间)

Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital. 由于伤得严重,只好把他送往医院。(表示原因)

The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了近一个月,几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。(表示结果)

The woman scientist entered the lab, followed by her assistants.
那位女科学家走进实验室,后面跟着她的助手们。(表示方式或伴随情况)

Once losing this chance, you can’t easily find it. 一旦失去这次机会你就很难再找回。(表示条件)


注意:分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。一般说来,若句子主语与分词之间存在主谓关系,则用现在分词(包括一般式和完成式);若句子主语与分词之间存在动宾关系,则用过去分词或现在分词的被动式(包括一般式和完成式)。


如:

He hurried home, looking behind from time to time. 他赶紧回家,不时地向后看。

Having heard this, the woman scientist expressed her satisfaction.
听到这一点,那位女科学家表示满意。

Given more time, we could do it much better. 多给点时间,我们会做得更好。

Having been given such a good chance, how could you let it slip away?
人家给了你这样一个好机会,你怎么能轻易放过?